FastJet  3.3.2
PseudoJet.hh
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30 
31 
32 #ifndef __FASTJET_PSEUDOJET_HH__
33 #define __FASTJET_PSEUDOJET_HH__
34 
35 #include<valarray>
36 #include<vector>
37 #include<cassert>
38 #include<cmath>
39 #include<iostream>
40 #include "fastjet/internal/numconsts.hh"
41 #include "fastjet/internal/IsBase.hh"
42 #include "fastjet/SharedPtr.hh"
43 #include "fastjet/Error.hh"
44 #include "fastjet/PseudoJetStructureBase.hh"
45 
46 FASTJET_BEGIN_NAMESPACE // defined in fastjet/internal/base.hh
47 
48 //using namespace std;
49 
50 /// Used to protect against parton-level events where pt can be zero
51 /// for some partons, giving rapidity=infinity. KtJet fails in those cases.
52 const double MaxRap = 1e5;
53 
54 /// default value for phi, meaning it (and rapidity) have yet to be calculated)
55 const double pseudojet_invalid_phi = -100.0;
56 const double pseudojet_invalid_rap = -1e200;
57 
58 #ifndef __FJCORE__
59 // forward definition
61 #endif // __FJCORE__
62 
63 /// @ingroup basic_classes
64 /// \class PseudoJet
65 /// Class to contain pseudojets, including minimal information of use to
66 /// jet-clustering routines.
67 class PseudoJet {
68 
69  public:
70  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
71  /// @name Constructors and destructor
72  //\{
73  /// default constructor, which as of FJ3.0 provides an object for
74  /// which all operations are now valid and which has zero momentum
75  ///
76  // (cf. this is actually OK from a timing point of view and in some
77  // cases better than just having the default constructor for the
78  // internal shared pointer: see PJtiming.cc and the notes therein)
79  PseudoJet() : _px(0), _py(0), _pz(0), _E(0) {_finish_init(); _reset_indices();}
80  //PseudoJet() : _px(0), _py(0), _pz(0), _E(0), _phi(pseudojet_invalid_phi), _rap(pseudojet_invalid_rap), _kt2(0) {_reset_indices();}
81  /// construct a pseudojet from explicit components
82  PseudoJet(const double px, const double py, const double pz, const double E);
83 
84  /// constructor from any object that has px,py,pz,E = some_four_vector[0--3],
85  #ifndef SWIG
86  template <class L> PseudoJet(const L & some_four_vector);
87  #endif
88 
89  // Constructor that performs minimal initialisation (only that of
90  // the shared pointers), of use in certain speed-critical contexts
91  //
92  // NB: "dummy" is commented to avoid unused-variable compiler warnings
93  PseudoJet(bool /* dummy */) {}
94 
95  /// default (virtual) destructor
96  virtual ~PseudoJet(){};
97  //\} ---- end of constructors and destructors --------------------------
98 
99  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
100  /// @name Kinematic access functions
101  //\{
102  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
103  inline double E() const {return _E;}
104  inline double e() const {return _E;} // like CLHEP
105  inline double px() const {return _px;}
106  inline double py() const {return _py;}
107  inline double pz() const {return _pz;}
108 
109  /// returns phi (in the range 0..2pi)
110  inline double phi() const {return phi_02pi();}
111 
112  /// returns phi in the range -pi..pi
113  inline double phi_std() const {
114  _ensure_valid_rap_phi();
115  return _phi > pi ? _phi-twopi : _phi;}
116 
117  /// returns phi in the range 0..2pi
118  inline double phi_02pi() const {
119  _ensure_valid_rap_phi();
120  return _phi;
121  }
122 
123  /// returns the rapidity or some large value when the rapidity
124  /// is infinite
125  inline double rap() const {
126  _ensure_valid_rap_phi();
127  return _rap;
128  }
129 
130  /// the same as rap()
131  inline double rapidity() const {return rap();} // like CLHEP
132 
133  /// returns the pseudo-rapidity or some large value when the
134  /// rapidity is infinite
135  double pseudorapidity() const;
136  double eta() const {return pseudorapidity();}
137 
138  /// returns the squared transverse momentum
139  inline double pt2() const {return _kt2;}
140  /// returns the scalar transverse momentum
141  inline double pt() const {return sqrt(_kt2);}
142  /// returns the squared transverse momentum
143  inline double perp2() const {return _kt2;} // like CLHEP
144  /// returns the scalar transverse momentum
145  inline double perp() const {return sqrt(_kt2);} // like CLHEP
146  /// returns the squared transverse momentum
147  inline double kt2() const {return _kt2;} // for bkwds compatibility
148 
149  /// returns the squared invariant mass // like CLHEP
150  inline double m2() const {return (_E+_pz)*(_E-_pz)-_kt2;}
151  /// returns the invariant mass
152  /// (If m2() is negative then -sqrt(-m2()) is returned, as in CLHEP)
153  inline double m() const;
154 
155  /// returns the squared transverse mass = kt^2+m^2
156  inline double mperp2() const {return (_E+_pz)*(_E-_pz);}
157  /// returns the transverse mass = sqrt(kt^2+m^2)
158  inline double mperp() const {return sqrt(std::abs(mperp2()));}
159  /// returns the squared transverse mass = kt^2+m^2
160  inline double mt2() const {return (_E+_pz)*(_E-_pz);}
161  /// returns the transverse mass = sqrt(kt^2+m^2)
162  inline double mt() const {return sqrt(std::abs(mperp2()));}
163 
164  /// return the squared 3-vector modulus = px^2+py^2+pz^2
165  inline double modp2() const {return _kt2+_pz*_pz;}
166  /// return the 3-vector modulus = sqrt(px^2+py^2+pz^2)
167  inline double modp() const {return sqrt(_kt2+_pz*_pz);}
168 
169  /// return the transverse energy
170  inline double Et() const {return (_kt2==0) ? 0.0 : _E/sqrt(1.0+_pz*_pz/_kt2);}
171  /// return the transverse energy squared
172  inline double Et2() const {return (_kt2==0) ? 0.0 : _E*_E/(1.0+_pz*_pz/_kt2);}
173 
174  /// cos of the polar angle
175  /// should we have: min(1.0,max(-1.0,_pz/sqrt(modp2())));
176  inline double cos_theta() const {
177  return std::min(1.0, std::max(-1.0, _pz/sqrt(modp2())));
178  }
179  /// polar angle
180  inline double theta() const { return acos(cos_theta()); }
181 
182  /// returns component i, where X==0, Y==1, Z==2, E==3
183  double operator () (int i) const ;
184  /// returns component i, where X==0, Y==1, Z==2, E==3
185  inline double operator [] (int i) const { return (*this)(i); }; // this too
186 
187 
188 
189  /// returns kt distance (R=1) between this jet and another
190  double kt_distance(const PseudoJet & other) const;
191 
192  /// returns squared cylinder (rap-phi) distance between this jet and another
193  double plain_distance(const PseudoJet & other) const;
194  /// returns squared cylinder (rap-phi) distance between this jet and
195  /// another
196  inline double squared_distance(const PseudoJet & other) const {
197  return plain_distance(other);}
198 
199  /// return the cylinder (rap-phi) distance between this jet and another,
200  /// \f$\Delta_R = \sqrt{\Delta y^2 + \Delta \phi^2}\f$.
201  inline double delta_R(const PseudoJet & other) const {
202  return sqrt(squared_distance(other));
203  }
204 
205  /// returns other.phi() - this.phi(), constrained to be in
206  /// range -pi .. pi
207  double delta_phi_to(const PseudoJet & other) const;
208 
209  //// this seemed to compile except if it was used
210  //friend inline double
211  // kt_distance(const PseudoJet & jet1, const PseudoJet & jet2) {
212  // return jet1.kt_distance(jet2);}
213 
214  /// returns distance between this jet and the beam
215  inline double beam_distance() const {return _kt2;}
216 
217  /// return a valarray containing the four-momentum (components 0-2
218  /// are 3-mom, component 3 is energy).
219  std::valarray<double> four_mom() const;
220 
221  //\} ------- end of kinematic access functions
222 
223  // taken from CLHEP
224  enum { X=0, Y=1, Z=2, T=3, NUM_COORDINATES=4, SIZE=NUM_COORDINATES };
225 
226 
227  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
228  /// @name Kinematic modification functions
229  //\{
230  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
231  /// transform this jet (given in the rest frame of prest) into a jet
232  /// in the lab frame
233  PseudoJet & boost(const PseudoJet & prest);
234  /// transform this jet (given in lab) into a jet in the rest
235  /// frame of prest
236  PseudoJet & unboost(const PseudoJet & prest);
237 
238  PseudoJet & operator*=(double);
239  PseudoJet & operator/=(double);
240  PseudoJet & operator+=(const PseudoJet &);
241  PseudoJet & operator-=(const PseudoJet &);
242 
243  /// reset the 4-momentum according to the supplied components and
244  /// put the user and history indices back to their default values
245  inline void reset(double px, double py, double pz, double E);
246 
247  /// reset the PseudoJet to be equal to psjet (including its
248  /// indices); NB if the argument is derived from a PseudoJet then
249  /// the "reset" used will be the templated version
250  ///
251  /// Note: this is included on top of the templated version because
252  /// PseudoJet is not "derived" from PseudoJet, so the templated
253  /// reset would not handle this case properly.
254  inline void reset(const PseudoJet & psjet) {
255  (*this) = psjet;
256  }
257 
258  /// reset the 4-momentum according to the supplied generic 4-vector
259  /// (accessible via indexing, [0]==px,...[3]==E) and put the user
260  /// and history indices back to their default values.
261 #ifndef SWIG
262  template <class L> inline void reset(const L & some_four_vector) {
263  // check if some_four_vector can be cast to a PseudoJet
264  //
265  // Note that a regular dynamic_cast would not work here because
266  // there is no guarantee that L is polymorphic. We use a more
267  // complex construct here that works also in such a case. As for
268  // dynamic_cast, NULL is returned if L is not derived from
269  // PseudoJet
270  //
271  // Note the explicit request for fastjet::cast_if_derived; when
272  // combining fastjet and fjcore, this avoids ambiguity in which of
273  // the two cast_if_derived calls to use.
274  const PseudoJet * pj = fastjet::cast_if_derived<const PseudoJet>(&some_four_vector);
275 
276  if (pj){
277  (*this) = *pj;
278  } else {
279  reset(some_four_vector[0], some_four_vector[1],
280  some_four_vector[2], some_four_vector[3]);
281  }
282  }
283 #endif // SWIG
284 
285  /// reset the PseudoJet according to the specified pt, rapidity,
286  /// azimuth and mass (also resetting indices, etc.)
287  /// (phi should satisfy -2pi<phi<4pi)
288  inline void reset_PtYPhiM(double pt_in, double y_in, double phi_in, double m_in=0.0) {
289  reset_momentum_PtYPhiM(pt_in, y_in, phi_in, m_in);
290  _reset_indices();
291  }
292 
293  /// reset the 4-momentum according to the supplied components
294  /// but leave all other information (indices, user info, etc.)
295  /// untouched
296  inline void reset_momentum(double px, double py, double pz, double E);
297 
298  /// reset the 4-momentum according to the components of the supplied
299  /// PseudoJet, including cached components; note that the template
300  /// version (below) will be called for classes derived from PJ.
301  inline void reset_momentum(const PseudoJet & pj);
302 
303  /// reset the 4-momentum according to the specified pt, rapidity,
304  /// azimuth and mass (phi should satisfy -2pi<phi<4pi)
305  void reset_momentum_PtYPhiM(double pt, double y, double phi, double m=0.0);
306 
307  /// reset the 4-momentum according to the supplied generic 4-vector
308  /// (accessible via indexing, [0]==px,...[3]==E), but leave all
309  /// other information (indices, user info, etc.) untouched
310  template <class L> inline void reset_momentum(const L & some_four_vector) {
311  reset_momentum(some_four_vector[0], some_four_vector[1],
312  some_four_vector[2], some_four_vector[3]);
313  }
314 
315  /// in some cases when setting a 4-momentum, the user/program knows
316  /// what rapidity and azimuth are associated with that 4-momentum;
317  /// by calling this routine the user can provide the information
318  /// directly to the PseudoJet and avoid expensive rap-phi
319  /// recalculations.
320  ///
321  /// - \param rap rapidity
322  /// - \param phi (in range -twopi...4*pi)
323  ///
324  /// USE WITH CAUTION: there are no checks that the rapidity and
325  /// azimuth supplied are sensible, nor does this reset the
326  /// 4-momentum components if things don't match.
327  void set_cached_rap_phi(double rap, double phi);
328 
329 
330  //\} --- end of kin mod functions ------------------------------------
331 
332  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
333  /// @name User index functions
334  ///
335  /// To allow the user to set and access an integer index which can
336  /// be exploited by the user to associate extra information with a
337  /// particle/jet (for example pdg id, or an indication of a
338  /// particle's origin within the user's analysis)
339  //
340  //\{
341 
342  /// return the user_index,
343  inline int user_index() const {return _user_index;}
344  /// set the user_index, intended to allow the user to add simple
345  /// identifying information to a particle/jet
346  inline void set_user_index(const int index) {_user_index = index;}
347 
348  //\} ----- end of use index functions ---------------------------------
349 
350  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
351  /// @name User information types and functions
352  ///
353  /// Allows PseudoJet to carry extra user info (as an object derived from
354  /// UserInfoBase).
355  //\{
356 
357  /// @ingroup user_info
358  /// \class UserInfoBase
359  /// a base class to hold extra user information in a PseudoJet
360  ///
361  /// This is a base class to help associate extra user information
362  /// with a jet. The user should store their information in a class
363  /// derived from this. This allows information of arbitrary
364  /// complexity to be easily associated with a PseudoJet (in contrast
365  /// to the user index). For example, in a Monte Carlo simulation,
366  /// the user information might include the PDG ID, and the position
367  /// of the production vertex for the particle.
368  ///
369  /// The PseudoJet is able to store a shared pointer to any object
370  /// derived from UserInfo. The use of a shared pointer frees the
371  /// user of the need to handle the memory management associated with
372  /// the information.
373  ///
374  /// Having the user information derive from a common base class also
375  /// facilitates dynamic casting, etc.
376  ///
378  public:
379  // dummy ctor
380  UserInfoBase(){};
381 
382  // dummy virtual dtor
383  // makes it polymorphic to allow for dynamic_cast
384  virtual ~UserInfoBase(){};
385  };
386 
387  /// error class to be thrown if accessing user info when it doesn't
388  /// exist
389  class InexistentUserInfo : public Error {
390  public:
392  };
393 
394  /// sets the internal shared pointer to the user information.
395  ///
396  /// Note that the PseudoJet will now _own_ the pointer, and delete
397  /// the corresponding object when it (the jet, and any copies of the jet)
398  /// goes out of scope.
399  void set_user_info(UserInfoBase * user_info_in) {
400  _user_info.reset(user_info_in);
401  }
402 
403  /// returns a reference to the dynamic cast conversion of user_info
404  /// to type L.
405  ///
406  /// Usage: suppose you have previously set the user info with a pointer
407  /// to an object of type MyInfo,
408  ///
409  /// class MyInfo: public PseudoJet::UserInfoBase {
410  /// MyInfo(int id) : _pdg_id(id);
411  /// int pdg_id() const {return _pdg_id;}
412  /// int _pdg_id;
413  /// };
414  ///
415  /// PseudoJet particle(...);
416  /// particle.set_user_info(new MyInfo(its_pdg_id));
417  ///
418  /// Then you would access that pdg_id() as
419  ///
420  /// particle.user_info<MyInfo>().pdg_id();
421  ///
422  /// It's overkill for just a single integer, but scales easily to
423  /// more extensive information.
424  ///
425  /// Note that user_info() throws an InexistentUserInfo() error if
426  /// there is no user info; throws a std::bad_cast if the conversion
427  /// doesn't work
428  ///
429  /// If this behaviour does not fit your needs, use instead the the
430  /// user_info_ptr() or user_info_shared_ptr() member functions.
431  template<class L>
432  const L & user_info() const{
433  if (_user_info.get() == 0) throw InexistentUserInfo();
434  return dynamic_cast<const L &>(* _user_info.get());
435  }
436 
437  /// returns true if the PseudoJet has user information
438  bool has_user_info() const{
439  return _user_info.get();
440  }
441 
442  /// returns true if the PseudoJet has user information than can be
443  /// cast to the template argument type.
444  template<class L>
445  bool has_user_info() const{
446  return _user_info.get() && dynamic_cast<const L *>(_user_info.get());
447  }
448 
449  /// retrieve a pointer to the (const) user information
450  const UserInfoBase * user_info_ptr() const{
451  // the line below is not needed since the next line would anyway
452  // return NULL in that case
453  //if (!_user_info) return NULL;
454  return _user_info.get();
455  }
456 
457 
458  /// retrieve a (const) shared pointer to the user information
460  return _user_info;
461  }
462 
463  /// retrieve a (non-const) shared pointer to the user information;
464  /// you can use this, for example, to set the shared pointer, eg
465  ///
466  /// \code
467  /// p2.user_info_shared_ptr() = p1.user_info_shared_ptr();
468  /// \endcode
469  ///
470  /// or
471  ///
472  /// \code
473  /// SharedPtr<PseudoJet::UserInfoBase> info_shared(new MyInfo(...));
474  /// p2.user_info_shared_ptr() = info_shared;
475  /// \endcode
477  return _user_info;
478  }
479 
480  // \} --- end of extra info functions ---------------------------------
481 
482  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
483  /// @name Description
484  ///
485  /// Since a PseudoJet can have a structure that contains a variety
486  /// of information, we provide a description that allows one to check
487  /// exactly what kind of PseudoJet we are dealing with
488  //
489  //\{
490 
491  /// return a string describing what kind of PseudoJet we are dealing with
492  std::string description() const;
493 
494  //\} ----- end of description functions ---------------------------------
495 
496  //-------------------------------------------------------------
497  /// @name Access to the associated ClusterSequence object.
498  ///
499  /// In addition to having kinematic information, jets may contain a
500  /// reference to an associated ClusterSequence (this is the case,
501  /// for example, if the jet has been returned by a ClusterSequence
502  /// member function).
503  //\{
504  //-------------------------------------------------------------
505  /// returns true if this PseudoJet has an associated ClusterSequence.
506  bool has_associated_cluster_sequence() const;
507  /// shorthand for has_associated_cluster_sequence()
508  bool has_associated_cs() const {return has_associated_cluster_sequence();}
509 
510  /// returns true if this PseudoJet has an associated and still
511  /// valid(ated) ClusterSequence.
512  bool has_valid_cluster_sequence() const;
513  /// shorthand for has_valid_cluster_sequence()
514  bool has_valid_cs() const {return has_valid_cluster_sequence();}
515 
516  /// get a (const) pointer to the parent ClusterSequence (NULL if
517  /// inexistent)
518  const ClusterSequence* associated_cluster_sequence() const;
519  // shorthand for associated_cluster_sequence()
520  const ClusterSequence* associated_cs() const {return associated_cluster_sequence();}
521 
522  /// if the jet has a valid associated cluster sequence then return a
523  /// pointer to it; otherwise throw an error
525  return validated_cs();
526  }
527  /// shorthand for validated_cluster_sequence()
528  const ClusterSequence * validated_cs() const;
529 
530 #ifndef __FJCORE__
531  /// if the jet has valid area information then return a pointer to
532  /// the associated ClusterSequenceAreaBase object; otherwise throw an error
534  return validated_csab();
535  }
536 
537  /// shorthand for validated_cluster_sequence_area_base()
538  const ClusterSequenceAreaBase * validated_csab() const;
539 #endif // __FJCORE__
540 
541  //\}
542 
543  //-------------------------------------------------------------
544  /// @name Access to the associated PseudoJetStructureBase object.
545  ///
546  /// In addition to having kinematic information, jets may contain a
547  /// reference to an associated ClusterSequence (this is the case,
548  /// for example, if the jet has been returned by a ClusterSequence
549  /// member function).
550  //\{
551  //-------------------------------------------------------------
552 
553  /// set the associated structure
554  void set_structure_shared_ptr(const SharedPtr<PseudoJetStructureBase> &structure);
555 
556  /// return true if there is some structure associated with this PseudoJet
557  bool has_structure() const;
558 
559  /// return a pointer to the structure (of type
560  /// PseudoJetStructureBase*) associated with this PseudoJet.
561  ///
562  /// return NULL if there is no associated structure
563  const PseudoJetStructureBase* structure_ptr() const;
564 
565  /// return a non-const pointer to the structure (of type
566  /// PseudoJetStructureBase*) associated with this PseudoJet.
567  ///
568  /// return NULL if there is no associated structure
569  ///
570  /// Only use this if you know what you are doing. In any case,
571  /// prefer the 'structure_ptr()' (the const version) to this method,
572  /// unless you really need a write access to the PseudoJet's
573  /// underlying structure.
574  PseudoJetStructureBase* structure_non_const_ptr();
575 
576  /// return a pointer to the structure (of type
577  /// PseudoJetStructureBase*) associated with this PseudoJet.
578  ///
579  /// throw an error if there is no associated structure
580  const PseudoJetStructureBase* validated_structure_ptr() const;
581 
582  /// return a reference to the shared pointer to the
583  /// PseudoJetStructureBase associated with this PseudoJet
584  const SharedPtr<PseudoJetStructureBase> & structure_shared_ptr() const;
585 
586  /// returns a reference to the structure casted to the requested
587  /// structure type
588  ///
589  /// If there is no structure associated, an Error is thrown.
590  /// If the type is not met, a std::bad_cast error is thrown.
591  template<typename StructureType>
592  const StructureType & structure() const;
593 
594  /// check if the PseudoJet has the structure resulting from a Transformer
595  /// (that is, its structure is compatible with a Transformer::StructureType).
596  /// If there is no structure, false is returned.
597  template<typename TransformerType>
598  bool has_structure_of() const;
599 
600  /// this is a helper to access any structure created by a Transformer
601  /// (that is, of type Transformer::StructureType).
602  ///
603  /// If there is no structure, or if the structure is not compatible
604  /// with TransformerType, an error is thrown.
605  template<typename TransformerType>
606  const typename TransformerType::StructureType & structure_of() const;
607 
608  //\}
609 
610  //-------------------------------------------------------------
611  /// @name Methods for access to information about jet structure
612  ///
613  /// These allow access to jet constituents, and other jet
614  /// subtructure information. They only work if the jet is associated
615  /// with a ClusterSequence.
616  //-------------------------------------------------------------
617  //\{
618 
619  /// check if it has been recombined with another PseudoJet in which
620  /// case, return its partner through the argument. Otherwise,
621  /// 'partner' is set to 0.
622  ///
623  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
624  /// associated ClusterSequence
625  virtual bool has_partner(PseudoJet &partner) const;
626 
627  /// check if it has been recombined with another PseudoJet in which
628  /// case, return its child through the argument. Otherwise, 'child'
629  /// is set to 0.
630  ///
631  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
632  /// associated ClusterSequence
633  virtual bool has_child(PseudoJet &child) const;
634 
635  /// check if it is the product of a recombination, in which case
636  /// return the 2 parents through the 'parent1' and 'parent2'
637  /// arguments. Otherwise, set these to 0.
638  ///
639  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
640  /// associated ClusterSequence
641  virtual bool has_parents(PseudoJet &parent1, PseudoJet &parent2) const;
642 
643  /// check if the current PseudoJet contains the one passed as
644  /// argument.
645  ///
646  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
647  /// associated ClusterSequence
648  virtual bool contains(const PseudoJet &constituent) const;
649 
650  /// check if the current PseudoJet is contained the one passed as
651  /// argument.
652  ///
653  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
654  /// associated ClusterSequence
655  virtual bool is_inside(const PseudoJet &jet) const;
656 
657 
658  /// returns true if the PseudoJet has constituents
659  virtual bool has_constituents() const;
660 
661  /// retrieve the constituents.
662  ///
663  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
664  /// associated ClusterSequence or other substructure information
665  virtual std::vector<PseudoJet> constituents() const;
666 
667 
668  /// returns true if the PseudoJet has support for exclusive subjets
669  virtual bool has_exclusive_subjets() const;
670 
671  /// return a vector of all subjets of the current jet (in the sense
672  /// of the exclusive algorithm) that would be obtained when running
673  /// the algorithm with the given dcut.
674  ///
675  /// Time taken is O(m ln m), where m is the number of subjets that
676  /// are found. If m gets to be of order of the total number of
677  /// constituents in the jet, this could be substantially slower than
678  /// just getting that list of constituents.
679  ///
680  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
681  /// associated ClusterSequence
682  std::vector<PseudoJet> exclusive_subjets (const double dcut) const;
683 
684  /// return the size of exclusive_subjets(...); still n ln n with same
685  /// coefficient, but marginally more efficient than manually taking
686  /// exclusive_subjets.size()
687  ///
688  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
689  /// associated ClusterSequence
690  int n_exclusive_subjets(const double dcut) const;
691 
692  /// return the list of subjets obtained by unclustering the supplied
693  /// jet down to nsub subjets. Throws an error if there are fewer than
694  /// nsub particles in the jet.
695  ///
696  /// For ClusterSequence type jets, requires nsub ln nsub time
697  ///
698  /// An Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
699  /// associated ClusterSequence
700  std::vector<PseudoJet> exclusive_subjets (int nsub) const;
701 
702  /// return the list of subjets obtained by unclustering the supplied
703  /// jet down to nsub subjets (or all constituents if there are fewer
704  /// than nsub).
705  ///
706  /// For ClusterSequence type jets, requires nsub ln nsub time
707  ///
708  /// An Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
709  /// associated ClusterSequence
710  std::vector<PseudoJet> exclusive_subjets_up_to (int nsub) const;
711 
712  /// Returns the dij that was present in the merging nsub+1 -> nsub
713  /// subjets inside this jet.
714  ///
715  /// Returns 0 if there were nsub or fewer constituents in the jet.
716  ///
717  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
718  /// associated ClusterSequence
719  double exclusive_subdmerge(int nsub) const;
720 
721  /// Returns the maximum dij that occurred in the whole event at the
722  /// stage that the nsub+1 -> nsub merge of subjets occurred inside
723  /// this jet.
724  ///
725  /// Returns 0 if there were nsub or fewer constituents in the jet.
726  ///
727  /// an Error is thrown if this PseudoJet has no currently valid
728  /// associated ClusterSequence
729  double exclusive_subdmerge_max(int nsub) const;
730 
731 
732  /// returns true if a jet has pieces
733  ///
734  /// By default a single particle or a jet coming from a
735  /// ClusterSequence have no pieces and this methos will return false.
736  ///
737  /// In practice, this is equivalent to have an structure of type
738  /// CompositeJetStructure.
739  virtual bool has_pieces() const;
740 
741 
742  /// retrieve the pieces that make up the jet.
743  ///
744  /// If the jet does not support pieces, an error is throw
745  virtual std::vector<PseudoJet> pieces() const;
746 
747 
748  // the following ones require a computation of the area in the
749  // parent ClusterSequence (See ClusterSequenceAreaBase for details)
750  //------------------------------------------------------------------
751 #ifndef __FJCORE__
752 
753  /// check if it has a defined area
754  virtual bool has_area() const;
755 
756  /// return the jet (scalar) area.
757  /// throws an Error if there is no support for area in the parent CS
758  virtual double area() const;
759 
760  /// return the error (uncertainty) associated with the determination
761  /// of the area of this jet.
762  /// throws an Error if there is no support for area in the parent CS
763  virtual double area_error() const;
764 
765  /// return the jet 4-vector area.
766  /// throws an Error if there is no support for area in the parent CS
767  virtual PseudoJet area_4vector() const;
768 
769  /// true if this jet is made exclusively of ghosts.
770  /// throws an Error if there is no support for area in the parent CS
771  virtual bool is_pure_ghost() const;
772 
773 #endif // __FJCORE__
774  //\} --- end of jet structure -------------------------------------
775 
776 
777 
778  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
779  /// @name Members mainly intended for internal use
780  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
781  //\{
782  /// return the cluster_hist_index, intended to be used by clustering
783  /// routines.
784  inline int cluster_hist_index() const {return _cluster_hist_index;}
785  /// set the cluster_hist_index, intended to be used by clustering routines.
786  inline void set_cluster_hist_index(const int index) {_cluster_hist_index = index;}
787 
788  /// alternative name for cluster_hist_index() [perhaps more meaningful]
789  inline int cluster_sequence_history_index() const {
790  return cluster_hist_index();}
791  /// alternative name for set_cluster_hist_index(...) [perhaps more
792  /// meaningful]
793  inline void set_cluster_sequence_history_index(const int index) {
794  set_cluster_hist_index(index);}
795 
796  //\} ---- end of internal use functions ---------------------------
797 
798  protected:
799 
801  SharedPtr<UserInfoBase> _user_info;
802 
803 
804  private:
805  // NB: following order must be kept for things to behave sensibly...
806  double _px,_py,_pz,_E;
807  mutable double _phi, _rap;
808  double _kt2;
809  int _cluster_hist_index, _user_index;
810 
811  /// calculate phi, rap, kt2 based on the 4-momentum components
812  void _finish_init();
813  /// set the indices to default values
814  void _reset_indices();
815 
816  /// ensure that the internal values for rapidity and phi
817  /// correspond to 4-momentum structure
818  inline void _ensure_valid_rap_phi() const {
819  if (_phi == pseudojet_invalid_phi) _set_rap_phi();
820  }
821 
822  /// set cached rapidity and phi values
823  void _set_rap_phi() const;
824 
825  // needed for operator* to have access to _ensure_valid_rap_phi()
826  friend PseudoJet operator*(double, const PseudoJet &);
827 };
828 
829 
830 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
831 // routines for basic binary operations
832 
833 PseudoJet operator+(const PseudoJet &, const PseudoJet &);
834 PseudoJet operator-(const PseudoJet &, const PseudoJet &);
835 PseudoJet operator*(double, const PseudoJet &);
836 PseudoJet operator*(const PseudoJet &, double);
837 PseudoJet operator/(const PseudoJet &, double);
838 
839 /// returns true if the 4 momentum components of the two PseudoJets
840 /// are identical and all the internal indices (user, cluster_history)
841 /// + structure and user-info shared pointers are too
842 bool operator==(const PseudoJet &, const PseudoJet &);
843 
844 /// inequality test which is exact opposite of operator==
845 inline bool operator!=(const PseudoJet & a, const PseudoJet & b) {return !(a==b);}
846 
847 /// Can only be used with val=0 and tests whether all four
848 /// momentum components are equal to val (=0.0)
849 bool operator==(const PseudoJet & jet, const double val);
850 inline bool operator==(const double val, const PseudoJet & jet) {return jet == val;}
851 
852 /// Can only be used with val=0 and tests whether at least one of the
853 /// four momentum components is different from val (=0.0)
854 inline bool operator!=(const PseudoJet & a, const double val) {return !(a==val);}
855 inline bool operator!=( const double val, const PseudoJet & a) {return !(a==val);}
856 
857 /// returns the 4-vector dot product of a and b
858 inline double dot_product(const PseudoJet & a, const PseudoJet & b) {
859  return a.E()*b.E() - a.px()*b.px() - a.py()*b.py() - a.pz()*b.pz();
860 }
861 
862 /// returns the cosine of the angle between a and b
863 inline double cos_theta(const PseudoJet & a, const PseudoJet & b) {
864  double dot_3d = a.px()*b.px() + a.py()*b.py() + a.pz()*b.pz();
865  return std::min(1.0, std::max(-1.0, dot_3d/sqrt(a.modp2()*b.modp2())));
866 }
867 
868 /// returns the angle between a and b
869 inline double theta(const PseudoJet & a, const PseudoJet & b) {
870  return acos(cos_theta(a,b));
871 }
872 
873 /// returns true if the momenta of the two input jets are identical
874 bool have_same_momentum(const PseudoJet &, const PseudoJet &);
875 
876 /// return a pseudojet with the given pt, y, phi and mass
877 /// (phi should satisfy -2pi<phi<4pi)
878 PseudoJet PtYPhiM(double pt, double y, double phi, double m = 0.0);
879 
880 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
881 // Routines to do with providing sorted arrays of vectors.
882 
883 /// return a vector of jets sorted into decreasing transverse momentum
884 std::vector<PseudoJet> sorted_by_pt(const std::vector<PseudoJet> & jets);
885 
886 /// return a vector of jets sorted into increasing rapidity
887 std::vector<PseudoJet> sorted_by_rapidity(const std::vector<PseudoJet> & jets);
888 
889 /// return a vector of jets sorted into decreasing energy
890 std::vector<PseudoJet> sorted_by_E(const std::vector<PseudoJet> & jets);
891 
892 /// return a vector of jets sorted into increasing pz
893 std::vector<PseudoJet> sorted_by_pz(const std::vector<PseudoJet> & jets);
894 
895 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
896 // some code to help sorting
897 
898 /// sort the indices so that values[indices[0->n-1]] is sorted
899 /// into increasing order
900 void sort_indices(std::vector<int> & indices,
901  const std::vector<double> & values);
902 
903 /// given a vector of values with a one-to-one correspondence with the
904 /// vector of objects, sort objects into an order such that the
905 /// associated values would be in increasing order (but don't actually
906 /// touch the values vector in the process).
907 template<class T> std::vector<T> objects_sorted_by_values(const std::vector<T> & objects,
908  const std::vector<double> & values) {
909  //assert(objects.size() == values.size());
910  if (objects.size() != values.size()){
911  throw Error("fastjet::objects_sorted_by_values(...): the size of the 'objects' vector must match the size of the 'values' vector");
912  }
913 
914  // get a vector of indices
915  std::vector<int> indices(values.size());
916  for (size_t i = 0; i < indices.size(); i++) {indices[i] = i;}
917 
918  // sort the indices
919  sort_indices(indices, values);
920 
921  // copy the objects
922  std::vector<T> objects_sorted(objects.size());
923 
924  // place the objects in the correct order
925  for (size_t i = 0; i < indices.size(); i++) {
926  objects_sorted[i] = objects[indices[i]];
927  }
928 
929  return objects_sorted;
930 }
931 
932 /// \if internal_doc
933 /// @ingroup internal
934 /// \class IndexedSortHelper
935 /// a class that helps us carry out indexed sorting.
936 /// \endif
937 class IndexedSortHelper {
938 public:
939  inline IndexedSortHelper (const std::vector<double> * reference_values) {
940  _ref_values = reference_values;
941  };
942  inline int operator() (const int i1, const int i2) const {
943  return (*_ref_values)[i1] < (*_ref_values)[i2];
944  };
945 private:
946  const std::vector<double> * _ref_values;
947 };
948 
949 
950 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
951 /// constructor from any object that has px,py,pz,E = some_four_vector[0--3],
952 // NB: do not know if it really needs to be inline, but when it wasn't
953 // linking failed with g++ (who knows what was wrong...)
954 #ifndef SWIG
955 template <class L> inline PseudoJet::PseudoJet(const L & some_four_vector) {
956  reset(some_four_vector);
957 }
958 #endif
959 
960 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
961 inline void PseudoJet::_reset_indices() {
962  set_cluster_hist_index(-1);
963  set_user_index(-1);
964  _structure.reset();
965  _user_info.reset();
966 }
967 
968 
969 // taken literally from CLHEP
970 inline double PseudoJet::m() const {
971  double mm = m2();
972  return mm < 0.0 ? -std::sqrt(-mm) : std::sqrt(mm);
973 }
974 
975 
976 inline void PseudoJet::reset(double px_in, double py_in, double pz_in, double E_in) {
977  _px = px_in;
978  _py = py_in;
979  _pz = pz_in;
980  _E = E_in;
981  _finish_init();
982  _reset_indices();
983 }
984 
985 inline void PseudoJet::reset_momentum(double px_in, double py_in, double pz_in, double E_in) {
986  _px = px_in;
987  _py = py_in;
988  _pz = pz_in;
989  _E = E_in;
990  _finish_init();
991 }
992 
993 inline void PseudoJet::reset_momentum(const PseudoJet & pj) {
994  _px = pj._px ;
995  _py = pj._py ;
996  _pz = pj._pz ;
997  _E = pj._E ;
998  _phi = pj._phi;
999  _rap = pj._rap;
1000  _kt2 = pj._kt2;
1001 }
1002 
1003 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1004 // implementation of the templated accesses to the underlying structyre
1005 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1006 
1007 // returns a reference to the structure casted to the requested
1008 // structure type
1009 //
1010 // If there is no sructure associated, an Error is thrown.
1011 // If the type is not met, a std::bad_cast error is thrown.
1012 template<typename StructureType>
1013 const StructureType & PseudoJet::structure() const{
1014  return dynamic_cast<const StructureType &>(* validated_structure_ptr());
1015 
1016 }
1017 
1018 // check if the PseudoJet has the structure resulting from a Transformer
1019 // (that is, its structure is compatible with a Transformer::StructureType)
1020 template<typename TransformerType>
1021 bool PseudoJet::has_structure_of() const{
1022  if (!_structure) return false;
1023 
1024  return dynamic_cast<const typename TransformerType::StructureType *>(_structure.get()) != 0;
1025 }
1026 
1027 // this is a helper to access a structure created by a Transformer
1028 // (that is, of type Transformer::StructureType)
1029 // NULL is returned if the corresponding type is not met
1030 template<typename TransformerType>
1031 const typename TransformerType::StructureType & PseudoJet::structure_of() const{
1032  if (!_structure)
1033  throw Error("Trying to access the structure of a PseudoJet without an associated structure");
1034 
1035  return dynamic_cast<const typename TransformerType::StructureType &>(*_structure);
1036 }
1037 
1038 
1039 
1040 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1041 // helper functions to build a jet made of pieces
1042 //
1043 // Note that there are more complete versions of these functions, with
1044 // an additional argument for a recombination scheme, in
1045 // JetDefinition.hh
1046 // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1047 
1048 /// build a "CompositeJet" from the vector of its pieces
1049 ///
1050 /// In this case, E-scheme recombination is assumed to compute the
1051 /// total momentum
1052 PseudoJet join(const std::vector<PseudoJet> & pieces);
1053 
1054 /// build a MergedJet from a single PseudoJet
1055 PseudoJet join(const PseudoJet & j1);
1056 
1057 /// build a MergedJet from 2 PseudoJet
1058 PseudoJet join(const PseudoJet & j1, const PseudoJet & j2);
1059 
1060 /// build a MergedJet from 3 PseudoJet
1061 PseudoJet join(const PseudoJet & j1, const PseudoJet & j2, const PseudoJet & j3);
1062 
1063 /// build a MergedJet from 4 PseudoJet
1064 PseudoJet join(const PseudoJet & j1, const PseudoJet & j2, const PseudoJet & j3, const PseudoJet & j4);
1065 
1066 
1067 
1068 FASTJET_END_NAMESPACE
1069 
1070 #endif // __FASTJET_PSEUDOJET_HH__
PseudoJet PtYPhiM(double pt, double y, double phi, double m)
return a pseudojet with the given pt, y, phi and mass
Definition: PseudoJet.cc:365
void reset_momentum(const L &some_four_vector)
reset the 4-momentum according to the supplied generic 4-vector (accessible via indexing, [0]==px,...[3]==E), but leave all other information (indices, user info, etc.) untouched
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:310
double theta(const PseudoJet &a, const PseudoJet &b)
returns the angle between a and b
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:869
double Et2() const
return the transverse energy squared
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:172
double m2() const
returns the squared invariant mass // like CLHEP
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:150
double mt2() const
returns the squared transverse mass = kt^2+m^2
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:160
vector< PseudoJet > sorted_by_pt(const vector< PseudoJet > &jets)
return a vector of jets sorted into decreasing kt2
Definition: PseudoJet.cc:774
std::vector< T > objects_sorted_by_values(const std::vector< T > &objects, const std::vector< double > &values)
given a vector of values with a one-to-one correspondence with the vector of objects, sort objects into an order such that the associated values would be in increasing order (but don&#39;t actually touch the values vector in the process).
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:907
const ClusterSequence * validated_cluster_sequence() const
if the jet has a valid associated cluster sequence then return a pointer to it; otherwise throw an er...
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:524
void set_user_index(const int index)
set the user_index, intended to allow the user to add simple identifying information to a particle/je...
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:346
deals with clustering
double Et() const
return the transverse energy
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:170
const double MaxRap
Used to protect against parton-level events where pt can be zero for some partons, giving rapidity=infinity.
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:52
void reset(const PseudoJet &psjet)
reset the PseudoJet to be equal to psjet (including its indices); NB if the argument is derived from ...
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:254
int cluster_sequence_history_index() const
alternative name for cluster_hist_index() [perhaps more meaningful]
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:789
void reset(const L &some_four_vector)
reset the 4-momentum according to the supplied generic 4-vector (accessible via indexing, [0]==px,...[3]==E) and put the user and history indices back to their default values.
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:262
bool has_valid_cs() const
shorthand for has_valid_cluster_sequence()
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:514
const UserInfoBase * user_info_ptr() const
retrieve a pointer to the (const) user information
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:450
Selector operator*(const Selector &s1, const Selector &s2)
successive application of 2 selectors
Definition: Selector.cc:559
vector< PseudoJet > sorted_by_pz(const vector< PseudoJet > &jets)
return a vector of jets sorted into increasing pz
Definition: PseudoJet.cc:798
double phi_02pi() const
returns phi in the range 0..2pi
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:118
double theta() const
polar angle
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:180
double squared_distance(const PseudoJet &other) const
returns squared cylinder (rap-phi) distance between this jet and another
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:196
void reset_PtYPhiM(double pt_in, double y_in, double phi_in, double m_in=0.0)
reset the PseudoJet according to the specified pt, rapidity, azimuth and mass (also resetting indices...
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:288
void set_user_info(UserInfoBase *user_info_in)
sets the internal shared pointer to the user information.
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:399
vector< PseudoJet > sorted_by_rapidity(const vector< PseudoJet > &jets)
return a vector of jets sorted into increasing rapidity
Definition: PseudoJet.cc:782
double pt() const
returns the scalar transverse momentum
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:141
double rapidity() const
the same as rap()
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:131
Contains any information related to the clustering that should be directly accessible to PseudoJet...
void set_cluster_sequence_history_index(const int index)
alternative name for set_cluster_hist_index(...) [perhaps more meaningful]
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:793
bool has_user_info() const
returns true if the PseudoJet has user information than can be cast to the template argument type...
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:445
double phi_std() const
returns phi in the range -pi..pi
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:113
double modp2() const
return the squared 3-vector modulus = px^2+py^2+pz^2
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:165
double cos_theta() const
cos of the polar angle should we have: min(1.0,max(-1.0,_pz/sqrt(modp2())));
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:176
bool operator==(const PseudoJet &a, const PseudoJet &b)
returns true if the 4 momentum components of the two PseudoJets are identical and all the internal in...
Definition: PseudoJet.cc:255
const SharedPtr< UserInfoBase > & user_info_shared_ptr() const
retrieve a (const) shared pointer to the user information
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:459
virtual ~PseudoJet()
default (virtual) destructor
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:96
double dot_product(const PseudoJet &a, const PseudoJet &b)
returns the 4-vector dot product of a and b
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:858
double perp() const
returns the scalar transverse momentum
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:145
void set_cluster_hist_index(const int index)
set the cluster_hist_index, intended to be used by clustering routines.
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:786
bool has_associated_cs() const
shorthand for has_associated_cluster_sequence()
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:508
base class that sets interface for extensions of ClusterSequence that provide information about the a...
error class to be thrown if accessing user info when it doesn&#39;t exist
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:389
vector< PseudoJet > sorted_by_E(const vector< PseudoJet > &jets)
return a vector of jets sorted into decreasing energy
Definition: PseudoJet.cc:790
bool has_user_info() const
returns true if the PseudoJet has user information
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:438
base class corresponding to errors that can be thrown by FastJet
Definition: Error.hh:47
double kt2() const
returns the squared transverse momentum
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:147
int cluster_hist_index() const
return the cluster_hist_index, intended to be used by clustering routines.
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:784
double perp2() const
returns the squared transverse momentum
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:143
double delta_R(const PseudoJet &other) const
return the cylinder (rap-phi) distance between this jet and another, .
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:201
an implementation of C++0x shared pointers (or boost&#39;s)
Definition: SharedPtr.hh:121
bool operator!=(const PseudoJet &a, const PseudoJet &b)
inequality test which is exact opposite of operator==
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:845
double phi() const
returns phi (in the range 0..2pi)
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:110
double rap() const
returns the rapidity or some large value when the rapidity is infinite
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:125
double modp() const
return the 3-vector modulus = sqrt(px^2+py^2+pz^2)
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:167
const L & user_info() const
returns a reference to the dynamic cast conversion of user_info to type L.
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:432
bool have_same_momentum(const PseudoJet &jeta, const PseudoJet &jetb)
returns true if the momenta of the two input jets are identical
Definition: PseudoJet.cc:336
double mt() const
returns the transverse mass = sqrt(kt^2+m^2)
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:162
a base class to hold extra user information in a PseudoJet
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:377
double cos_theta(const PseudoJet &a, const PseudoJet &b)
returns the cosine of the angle between a and b
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:863
double mperp() const
returns the transverse mass = sqrt(kt^2+m^2)
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:158
double pt2() const
returns the squared transverse momentum
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:139
PseudoJet()
default constructor, which as of FJ3.0 provides an object for which all operations are now valid and ...
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:79
const double pseudojet_invalid_phi
default value for phi, meaning it (and rapidity) have yet to be calculated)
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:55
Class to contain pseudojets, including minimal information of use to jet-clustering routines...
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:67
const ClusterSequenceAreaBase * validated_cluster_sequence_area_base() const
if the jet has valid area information then return a pointer to the associated ClusterSequenceAreaBase...
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:533
int user_index() const
return the user_index,
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:343
double beam_distance() const
returns distance between this jet and the beam
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:215
SharedPtr< UserInfoBase > & user_info_shared_ptr()
retrieve a (non-const) shared pointer to the user information; you can use this, for example...
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:476
double mperp2() const
returns the squared transverse mass = kt^2+m^2
Definition: PseudoJet.hh:156